Jurnal Farmasi & Sains Indonesia

Analysis of Planning and Inventory Control Methods for Fast-Moving Drugs at Durikulon Pharmacy

2025-07-22T02:12:53+00:00

Drug availability is a crucial component of pharmaceutical services to ensure optimal patient care. Inadequate inventory planning and control, particularly for fast-moving drugs, often lead to stock shortages or surpluses that disrupt services and increase operational risks. This study aimed to analyze drug inventory planning and control for fast-moving items at Pharmacy X using consumption methods, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), safety stock, and reorder point (ROP) approaches. This descriptive quantitative research utilized stock cards and observation sheets as instruments. Data on drug usage, stock availability, and procurement patterns from November 2024 to January 2025 were collected and analyzed. The results showed that applying these methods, such as for Renadinac tablets, produced an optimal procurement plan of 539 tablets, EOQ of 416 tablets, safety stock of 490 tablets, and a reorder point of 791 tablets. Proper planning and inventory control effectively ensured drug availability and optimized stock management.

Formulation and Activity Test of Face Mist Preparation from Ethanol Extract of Jatropha curcas L. Leaves as an Antioxidant Using the DPPH Method

2025-11-17T03:34:55+00:00

Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) one as an antioxidant. This research aims to obtain a formulation in the form of a stable face mist dosage form and determine the IC50 value of the extra ethanol face mist preparation from jatropha leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) which has potential as an antioxidant. Experimental research method using 96% ethanol solvent, maceration method. The resulting thick extract is rotated, then preparations are made with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%, using additional ingredients glycerin as a humectant, propylene glycol as a humectant, sodium benzoate as a preservative, lavender as a fragrance and distilled water. as a solvent. Evaluation of the preparation, namely the cycling test in 6 cycles for 12 days, organoleptic observations obtained in liquid form, pH measurement results were <0.05p, homogeneity tests obtained homogeneous preparations, Viscosity test results were <0.05p, skin moisture and irritation tests were <0.05p. As well as antioxidant testing using the DPPH method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the research can be concluded that Jatropha curcas L. extract can be formulated as a face mist preparation that is physically and chemically stable. The IC50 values using the facial mist preparation formula of Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) leaf extract were respectively 17.0276 ppm, 16.5071 ppm, and 13.4743 ppm. The most effective face mist formulation has the highest antioxidant value in formula III.

Self Nanoemulsifying drug delivery system formulation Bromelain enzyme from pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus)

2025-07-22T04:17:05+00:00

The pineapple fruit's bromelain enzyme exhibits pharmacological activity as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The bromelain enzyme was formulated as tablets and powders in earlier research, although this still had the disadvantage of having a higher formulation resistance. Formulating and characterizing SNEDDS of the bromelain enzyme with oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant—specifically, clove oil, propylene glycol, and PEG 400—is the goal of this study. The process for creating SNEDDS bromelain enzyme involves combining the carrier in different quantities, adding the enzyme, and evaluating it based on factors including homogeneity, adhesion, spreadability, clarity, and organoleptic characteristics. The active ingredient in the SNEDDS formulation that was obtained was 360 mg of bromelain enzyme per milliliter of SNEDDS. With a 2:5:3 concentration ratio of clove oil, PG, and PEG 400, the transmittance percentage of SNEDDS is 98.54 ± 0.02%, the spreadability is 2.2 cm, the adhesion is 116 seconds, and the pH is 6.48. In comparison to other carrier concentrations, SNEDDS bromelain enzyme SNEDDS with a concentration ratio of 2:5:3 for clove oil, PG, and PEG 400 yields superior characteristic results.

VARIATION OF DRUG INFORMATION COMPONENTS IN PRESCRIPTION

2025-11-17T03:36:44+00:00

Prescription drug label as a means of communication between pharmaceutical staff and patients. Inadequate prescription drug labels can be a major source of medication errors. This can be exacerbated by the diversity of labels, formats, designs and information components. This study aims to observe prescription drug label in Bandar Lampung City health centers and to determine benefits of prescription drug label. This research was conducted cross-sectional on hypertensive patients regarding prescription drug label and its level of benefit. The results obtained show that there are two materials in prescription drug label. Every health center has a format for prescription drug labels. The label attached to the plastic clip does not contain the identity of the pharmaceutical service facility such as name, address and pharmacist's license. For printed paper labels, this information is a template that will be printed on all label materials that will be used. Information on the date and prescription number, patient name, instructions for use, and time to take the medication is available at all health centers. There is only one health center that has the format for address, date of birth, use, side effects, name of medicine and expiry date. More than 90% of respondents assessed that the labels provided were good and had a high level of benefit. The conclusion is that there are variations in the materials, formats and information components included in the dietetics. Medication labels are considered by patients to have a high level of benefit in the treatment process.

OPTIMIZATION OF ATTAPULGITE TABLET FORMULA WITH A COMBINATION OF LACTOSE AND AVICEL PH 101 ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF TABLETS USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

2025-11-17T03:38:21+00:00

Attapulgite is one of the drugs from the adsorbent class for anti-diarrhea. In the form of light cream-colored powder and very fine. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of lactose and avicel PH 101 on the PHysical quality of attapulgite tablets and to obtain the optimum formula. Attapulgite tablets were made by wet granulation and formula optimization using the Simplex Lattice Design method using Design Expert software version 13 to find out the combination of lactose and avicel PH 101. Attapulgite tablets were made into 8 formulas with variations in comparing the proportions of lactose and avicel PH 101 according to the results range of simplex lattice designs. Critical point parameters and optimum formulas were obtained from the response of hardness, brittleness, and disintegration time, and were verified using the one-sample t-test statistical program. The results of this research were variations in concentration of all attapulgite tablet formulas resulting in good PHysical quality of the tablets. The combination of lactose and avicel PH 101 has the effect of increasing hardness, reducing brittleness, and speeding up disintegration time. The proportion of lactose 66,739 mg and avicel PH 101 33,261 mg produces the optimum formula for attapulgite tablets with the best PHysical quality of the tablets.

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION TEST TOTAL PLATE COUNT (TPC) AND YEAST AND MOLD COUNT (YMC) IN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF WHITE RADISH ROOT (Raphanus sativus L.)

2025-11-28T08:48:30+00:00

White radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a food plant with promising potential for development as a raw material for traditional medicines and functional foods. The microbiological quality of plant extracts is a critical parameter in ensuring product safety, particularly with regard to microbial contamination. By measuring the Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast and Mold Count (YMC), this study sought to assess the microbiological contamination of the ethanol extract of white radish tubers. In order to measure live microorganisms expressed as CFU/g, the experiments were carried out using the pour plate technique on plate count agar (PCA). The findings demonstrated that the ethanol extract's TPC and YMC values were both less than 1 × 10¹ CFU/g. These values are significantly lower than the maximum limits required by BPOM Regulation Number 29/2023, namely ≤10⁵ CFU/g for TPC and ≤10³ CFU/g for YMC. These findings indicate that the extraction and handling processes produced an extract with minimal microbial contamination. Overall, the results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of white radish meets microbiological safety requirements and is suitable for use as a raw material candidate in the development of traditional medicinal products.

Level of Medication Compliance of Outpatient Tuberculosis Patients at Soehadi Pridjonegoro Regional Hospital, Sragen Regency

2025-11-28T08:49:18+00:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease that is still a global health problem, with Indonesia as one of the countries with the highest cases. The success of TB therapy is highly dependent on patient compliance in taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) regularly. Factors that influence the level of medication compliance in pulmonary TB patients are gender, age, occupation, education, family support, and drug side effects. This study aims to determine the level of compliance of patients taking outpatient pulmonary TB medication at Soehadi Pridjonegoro Regional Hospital, Sragen Regency. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The sample used in the research was 97 respondents. Sampling using techniques purposive sampling. Data was taken using a validated questionnaire created based on the MARS questionnaire (Medication Adherence Rating Scale). The results of the study showed that patients with a high level of compliance were 65 respondents with a percentage of (67%) and moderate compliance was 32 respondents with a percentage of (33%). The conclusion of this research is that patients take outpatient pulmonary TB medication at Soehadi Pridjonegoro Hospital, Sragen Regency with a high level of compliance (67%) with a total of 65 respondents.

Evaluation of the Use of Trihexyphenidyl as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder at the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital

2025-11-17T03:44:32+00:00

Background: Bipolar affective disorder is a mental disorder that attacks the psychological condition, characterized by mood swings in the form of mania and depression. The high number of mental health cases in Indonesia is one of the challenges of treatment, especially in the pharmaceutical world. Evaluation of drug use is a structured quality assurance program, and provides assurance that the drugs given are appropriate, safe, and effective. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the use of trihexyphenidyl in patients with bipolar affective disorder at the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital. Methods: The research design used was a retrospective observational study with a descriptive cross-sectional approach. The data source used in the study was written information in the medical records of mental patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder who received trihexyphenidyl drug therapy at the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital. Results: Based on the results of the study, 93 patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder using trihexyphenidyl were obtained, the results of the ANOVA test on the evaluation of drug use showed a significance value of 0.021 <0.05 so that it can be concluded that the data has differences from the research variables. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the evaluation of the use of trihexyphenidyl drugs in patients with bipolar affective disorder is appropriate and in accordance with the rationality of drug use.

The Effect Of Using Iron Chelation Drugs On Changes In Serum Ferritin Levels In Thalasemia Patients At The Regional General Hospital “X” Bekasi City

2025-11-17T04:10:55+00:00

Thalassemia is a blood disorder that is inherited from both parents to their children. Ferritin levels are often elevated due to repeated blood transfusions that cause iron buildup in the body, leading to serious complications if not treated with iron chelation therapy. Iron chelation is a therapeutic method to reduce excessive iron levels in the body that is not bound in plasma and excreted from the body. To see the effect of using iron chelation drugs on reducing serum ferritin levels in patients with thalassemia beta major. Analytical observational research with a retrospective cross-sectional study design using limited secondary medical record data. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with the inclusion criteria of beta major thalassemia patients with serum ferritin levels ≥1000ng/mL who received a single iron chelation therapy treatment. The effect of iron chelation drug administration in beta major thalassemia patients on reducing serum ferritin levels was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. In this study, 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. 52% of patients were female, and 40% had an age range of 0-5 years. The most common single iron chelation drug was Deferasirox (85%), with a dose of 250 mg (49%). A total of 6% of patients had decreased serum ferritin levels (≥500ng/mL and <1000ng/mL). However, the results of the data analysis showed that there was no significant decrease in serum ferritin levels after single iron chelation. This study showed that single iron chelation therapy was effective in reducing serum ferritin levels, but not significant (p value>0.05).

Analysis of Outpatient Patient Satisfaction Levels on Pharmaceutical Services at Sebelas Maret University Hospital for the Month of October 2023

2025-11-17T04:12:02+00:00

Pharmaceutical health services need to be considered service standards, one of which is about patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in hospitals. Patient satisfaction is the patient's assessment of the service delivery received. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services and determine the relationship between the level of satisfaction with the dimensions of patient satisfaction. This type of research is descriptive non-experimental with cross sectional method. The study used 100 respondents. Data collection using accidental sampling method. Data analysis used univariate tests to obtain frequency distribution of patient satisfaction levels. Simple linear regression bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction level and satisfaction dimension. The patient satisfaction level of the pharmaceutical installation of Sebelas Maret University Hospital obtained reliability results of 75.25%, responsiveness 70.43%, emphty 69.16%, assurance 77%, tangible 74.87%. The relationship between service quality and the highest level of satisfaction obtained the responsiveness dimension of 0.742

Analgesic Activity Test of Bangle Rhizome Extract (Zingiber purpureum R.) on Male White Rats Using the Writhing Test Method

2025-11-28T10:18:49+00:00

Pain is an unpleasant emotional sensation caused by tissue damage. Bangle rhizome is a plant that can be used to treat pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic activity of a 96% ethanol extract of bangle rhizome in male white Wistar rats and to determine the most effective dose for producing analgesic effects. Bangle rhizome was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. This study used Writhing test method at 25 male divided into five groupes. Group I as negative control was administered 0,1% CMC, group II as positive control was administered acid mefenamic, group III, IV, and V was administered extract of bangle rhizome. The data obtained from this study were the number of wriggles of the test animals and the reaction time of the test animals' responses (minute). The result of the research showed that extract doses 30,843 mg/200 g BB, 61,686 mg/ 200 g BB, and 123,372 mg/ 200 g BB comparable to the positive control and different from the group given the negative control.. Extract dose 123,372 mg/ 200 gB compare with positive control was indicated that extract doses 123,372mg/ 200 g BB showed the highest analgesic activity.

THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATION OF AVICEL PH 101 AND LACTOSE AS HOST IN MANUFACTURING GLIMEPIRID INTERACTIVE MIXTURE TABLETS USING THE DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD

2025-11-17T04:13:52+00:00

Glimepirid is an antidiabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class with low solubility, thus requiring a formulation approach to improve its bioavailability. This study aimed to examine the effect of varying concentrations of avicel pH 101 and lactose as carrier (host) materials on the physical properties and dissolution profile of glimepirid tablets prepared using the direct compression method. Three formulas were developed with avicel pH 101:lactose ratios: F1 (1:0.5), F2 (1:1), and F3 (1.5:1). Quality evaluation included tests of granule flow properties (angle of repose and flow time) and physical tablet tests (content uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution) based on the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. ANOVA statistical analysis showed significant differences between formulas (p < 0.05). The results indicated that variations in avicel pH 101 and lactose concentrations affected the physical quality and dissolution profile of the tablets. Formula 1 had the fastest disintegration time and the highest drug release. Formula 2 demonstrated the best content uniformity, good powder flow, and stable dissolution. Formula 3 produced the hardest tablets with the lowest friability but required longer disintegration time. Formula 2 was considered the most optimal and is recommended for further development of glimepirid tablets.

THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON OUTPATIENT PATIENT LOYALTY AT LUDIRA HUSADA TAMA HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA

2025-11-28T06:47:40+00:00

This study analyzes the effect of service quality on outpatient loyalty through patient satisfaction at RS Ludira Husada Tama Yogyakarta. Using purposive sampling, 150 outpatients completed SERVQUAL-based questionnaires analyzed with SEM-PLS. Results showed that tangible (p=0.017) and assurance (p=0.002) dimensions significantly influenced patient satisfaction, while reliability (p=0.554), responsiveness (p=0.646), and empathy (p=0.902) did not. Patient satisfaction significantly influenced loyalty (p=0.001). The findings indicate that physical facilities and service assurance are critical factors in building patient loyalty through satisfaction in outpatient settings..

Keywords: service quality, patient satisfaction, patient loyalty, outpatient, SERVQUAL

In vivo wound healing activity test using guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) ethanol extract patch preparation

2025-11-28T07:02:39+00:00

The ethanol extract of (Psidium guajava L.) leaves, containing key phytocmhemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, has demonstrated potential in enhancing wound repair. This research aimed to formulate a transdermal patch and investigate its in vivo wound-healing activity. Extraction was carried out through maceration of the simplicia using 96% ethanol as the solvent. Patches were formulated with HPMC and PVP, containing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% extract (F1, F2, F3). Physical evaluation (homogeneity, pH, thickness, adhesion) was performed. Rabbits (n=5) with a 2 cm dorsal incision were treated daily with patches (F1-F3), A negative control was represented by a (patch without extract) while the positive control used (povidone-iodine). Wound length was measured for 7 days. All evaluations met the physical requirements except pH at (F2: 6,6±0,1; F3: 6,8±0,1). F3 (10% extract) showed the highest wound healing activity, reducing wound length to 2 mm on day 7, significantly better than the control (7 mm) and lower concentrations (F1: 4 mm; F2: 3 mm). Guava leaf extract patches were effective at healing incised wounds, with concentration-dependent efficacy.

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN LAMIVUDINE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGRIDIENTS BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

2025-11-28T07:04:53+00:00

Pelarut kimia yang digunakan dalam sintesis bahan farmasi aktif dapat tertinggal sebagai residu pelarut yang berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Bahan farmasi aktif lamivudin beresiko mengandung residu pelarut berupa etanol, isopropil asetat, metanol dan trietilamina. Sedangkan metode penentuan residu pelarut dalam bahan farmasi aktif lamivudin sulit untuk diimplementasikan dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi metode penentuan residu pelarut dalam bahan farmasi aktif lamivudin yang sederhana, tepat, dan akurat dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas. Percobaan dilakukan dengan sistem kromatografi gas (Sistem GC Shimadzu) yang dilengkapi dengan detektor ionisasi nyala. Hasil yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan batas yang ditentukan dari pedoman standar USP. Parameter validasi dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi spesifisitas, linearitas, presisi, akurasi, batas deteksi, batas kuantifikasi, kestabilan larutan dan ketahanan. Tidak adanya interferensi puncak menunjukkan metode tersebut spesifik. Hubungan linear dievaluasi pada rentang 1-150% dan diperoleh koefisien regresi R’ untuk residu pelarut ≥0,9974. Nilai batas deteksi dan kuantifikasi memenuhi syarat dengan penentuan signal-to-noise (S/N). Nilai presisi pada enam kali pengulangan dan akurasi pada level konsentrasi 80%, 100% dan 120% menghasilkan nilai sesuai persyaratan. Pengujian ketahanan dengan modifikasi parameter tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Semua larutan standar dan sampel menunjukkan kestabilan hingga 12 jam. Metode kromatografi gas yang sederhana, spesifik, akurat, presisi dan tangguh berhasil dikembangkan dan divalidasi.

Evaluation of Adverse Effects of NSAID Use in Osteoarthritis Patients at the Outpatient Department of R.A. Kartini Hospital Jepara

2025-11-29T02:09:13+00:00

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease in the elderly and a leading cause of disability. Excessive joint pain results in limited daily activities. In pharmacological therapy, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the main choice for OA treatment. Appropriate use of NSAIDs in OA patients is essential to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate adverse effects of NSAID use in OA patients at the Outpatient Installation of RSUD R.A. Kartini Jepara. The research was conducted using a descriptive observational method with a retrospective design based on secondary data from medical records. Samples were determined through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria: OA patients aged 45–75 years who had at least three visits during January–December 2024. Exclusion criteria were incomplete or unreadable medical records. Data were analyzed descriptively to present patient characteristics, NSAID usage profiles, and adverse effects. The results showed that OA patients were predominantly female (72.9%), aged 65–75 years (46.9%), and had BMI >27 (53.1%). Most patients had disease duration >12 months (38.4%) and received NSAID therapy for more than 3 weeks (70.8%). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (50%), while the most frequently used concomitant medications were gastrointestinal drugs (23.98%) and antihypertensives (23.17%). Meloxicam was the most frequently prescribed NSAID (51%). The most common adverse effects were gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia (56.10%) and vertigo (17.07%).

Studi In Silico: Activity of Kecombrang Plant Compounds (Etlingera elatior) as Candidate Antihyperuricemia Drugs

2025-11-17T04:16:30+00:00

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by an increase in uric acid levels, which is at risk of ausing gout. The plant kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is known to contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This study aims to evaluate 50 compounds from kecombrang as antihyperuricemia candidates using an in silico approach. The analysis includes toxicity and pharmacokinetics (ADMET) predictions, Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The docking results of selected compounds Aduncetin E (-8.93 kcal/mol) and Methyllinderatin (-8.78 kcal/mol) show the best affinity for xanthine oxidase enzyme with lower binding energy compared to allopurinol (-6.26 kcal/mol). Molecular simulations support the stability of the ligand-receptor complex the MMGBSA results indicate that Aduncetin E (13.4048 kcal/mol) and Methyllinderatin (-30.3009 kcal/mol) have potential that can be developed as antihyperuricemia drug candidates.

Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Extracts and Extract Fractions of Young Papaya Fruit Peel (Carica papaya L.)

2026-01-08T06:06:25+00:00

Papaya peel (Carica Papaya L.) is a plant that has several pharmacological activities because it contains secondary metabolites in the form of phenolics and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid levels in the extract and fraction of papaya peel using the colorimetric method. The research method for determining total phenolic content with the Folin-Ciocalteu method, using gallic acid as a comparator, and the determination of total flavonoid content using the AlCl₃ complex formation method with quercetin as a comparator, both using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The results of the total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of papaya peel, the water fraction of papaya peel, the ethyl fraction of papaya peel, and the n-hexane fraction of papaya peel were 79.6393%, 65.5173%, 84.5257%, and 48.0085%, respectively. The results of the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of papaya fruit peel, the water fraction of papaya fruit peel, the ethyl acetate fraction of papaya fruit peel, and the n-hexane fraction of papaya fruit peel were 55.1744%, 33.2677%, 87.2572%, and 21.1696%, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the greatest total phenolic and total flavonoid content was in the ethyl acetate fraction of unripe papaya fruit peel extract.

The Relationship Between Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Medication and Tuberculosis Treatment Success in Drug-Sensitive Patients at Pamolokan Health Center, Sumenep Regency

2025-11-28T06:57:52+00:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is transmitted through sputum or saliva containing tuberculosis bacilli. Tuberculosis is one of the world's health threats. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adherence to taking anti-tuberculosis drugs and the success of tuberculosis treatment in drug-sensitive patients at the Pamolokan Health Center, Sumenep Regency. This study used a quantitative method with an observational survey approach using a Cross Sectional Research design. The population in this study were all drug sensitive tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment at the Pamolokan Health Center, Sumenep Regency in the January-June period, namely 32 people with total sampling techniques. The results of this study were 30 people as much as (93.75%) had compliant treatment compliance results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between adherence to taking medication with the success of anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is recommended that family members pay attention to sick family members, provide motivation, care, bring medical treatment and provide support to sick family members.

Identification of Pharmaceutical Chemicals in Pegal Linu Herbal Medicine Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2026-01-26T01:18:57+00:00

Pegel linu herbal medicine is one of the traditional remedies widely consumed by the community to relieve pain and fatigue. The high market demand, particularly through online marketplaces, has the potential to be misused by irresponsible producers by illegally adding pharmaceutical chemicals to enhance therapeutic effects. This study aimed to identify the presence of pharmaceutical adulterants, namely paracetamol, sodium diclofenac, and dexamethasone, in peg el linu herbal medicines circulating in the market using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ten herbal medicine samples were selected using purposive sampling based on criteria such as the absence of distribution permit numbers or the presence of exaggerated therapeutic claims. The samples were prepared through extraction procedures and analyzed using FTIR-ATR by comparing the sample spectra with reference standards. The results showed that one sample tested positive for paracetamol and one sample tested positive for dexamethasone, while sodium diclofenac was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of pharmaceutical adulterants was identified based on the appearance of characteristic functional groups such as O–H, N–H, and C=O at specific wavenumbers. These findings indicate that some peg el linu herbal medicines circulating in the market still contain illegal pharmaceutical adulterants, which may pose potential health risks to consumers.

Effectiveness of gel Formulation of Binahong Leaf (Anredera cordifolia) on Wound Healing in white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

2026-01-08T02:47:50+00:00

The ethanol extract of binahong leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. The compounds contained in the extract have an important role in healing skin incision. The aim of this study was to develop a gel formula for binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) with various HPMC gelling agents at concentrations of 2%, 3% and 4%. This study is an experimental study by comparing the effectiveness of incision wound healing in rats in each test group, namely negative control given gel base, positive control given Bioplacenton gel, and the gel formulation of binahong leaf with best stability properties of the gel preparation. The best formula for binahong leaf extract gel is with a concentration of 2% HPMC with consideration of evaluating the physical properties of the gel and the fastest healing effect on burns.

Aromatherapy Candle Formulation Combination of Lime Peel (Citrus aurantifolia) and Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) Essential Oils with Cera Alba as a Base

2026-01-28T04:38:52+00:00

Aromatherapy is an alternative treatment method that utilizes volatile essential oils to provide therapeutic Aromatherapy is an alternative treatment method using volatile essential oils to provide therapeutic effects such as relaxation and improved blood circulation. Lime peel essential oil contains limonene as a repellent, while jasmine flower essential oil contains linalool that promotes calmness. Cera alba is used as a candle base to support structure and burning stability. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combining lime peel and jasmine essential oils with varying cera alba concentrations on the physical properties and acceptability of aromatherapy candles. Five candle formulas were prepared: F0 without essential oils as a control, and F1–F4 with varying concentrations of lime peel (0.1–0.3%) and jasmine (7–9%). Evaluations included organoleptic tests, melting point, burning time, and hedonic tests by panelists. Results showed that essential oil combinations influenced melting point, burning time, and aroma. Formula F3 (lime peel 0.2%, jasmine 7%, cera alba 82.8%) met all physical standards with an average melting point of 57°C, burning time of 168.67 minutes, and was most preferred by panelists. Statistical analysis confirmed normality and homogeneity, and post hoc tests (p < 0.05) indicated significant differences among formulas, demonstrating that essential oil combination and cera alba concentration determine candle quality and panelist preference.

Antinociceptive and Analgesic Activities of a Combination of Ethanolic Extracts of Cyperus rotundus L. (Nutgrass) and Elephantopus scaber L. in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus Musculus)

2026-02-17T01:47:24+00:00

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Medicinal plants have been increasingly explored as alternative analgesic agents due to their bioactive compounds. Cyperus rotundus L. contains flavonoids reported to possess analgesic properties, while Elephantopus scaber L. has traditionally been used for pain relief. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and antinociceptive activities of a combined ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus and Elephantopus scaber in male Swiss mice.

This experimental laboratory study involved 10 groups of male Swiss mice (n=5 per group). Analgesic activity was assessed using the tail-flick test, while antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the hot plate test. Negative controls received CMC-Na 0.5% but were exposed to nociceptive stimuli. Positive controls received mefenamic acid (500 mg/kg BW) for analgesic testing and tramadol (50 mg/kg BW) for antinociceptive testing. Treatment groups received combined ethanolic extracts (ERTDTL) at doses of 700/400, 900/600, and 1100/800 mg/kg BW. Pain response latency was recorded 30 minutes after treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett post hoc test.

The combined extract demonstrated significant analgesic and antinociceptive effects at all tested doses in mice subjected to thermal nociceptive stimuli. These findings suggest that the combination of extracts from Cyperus rotundus and Elephantopus scaber has potential as a natural analgesic agent.

PHARMACIST COUNSELING AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH GASTRIC ULCERS AT KIMIA FARMA PHARMACY

2026-02-11T13:54:08+00:00

Pharmaceutical services refer to how "patient care" is delivered. Pharmacist counseling is a crucial component aimed at improving therapeutic understanding and patient satisfaction, particularly in patients with peptic ulcers, who require discipline and adherence to appropriate medication. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with services before and after pharmacist counseling regarding peptic ulcers at Kimia Farma pharmacies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling for peptic ulcer patients, resulting in a sample size of 100 respondents. This study employed a one-group pre-test-post-test and quasi-experimental method. Data analysis used SPSS 29 for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2016 to test SERVQUAL values, normality tests, and the Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxon test demonstrated a significant difference in patient perceptions of the services received before and after pharmacist counseling. The Wilcoxon test also demonstrated a significant difference between expected and actual pharmacy services before and after pharmacist counseling. This indicates that pharmacist counseling has a significant impact on improving patient perceptions and satisfaction with the services received.